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		<issn>1517-3275</issn>
		<label>6186</label>
		<citationkey>MorelliFormEpip:1993:InGeVi</citationkey>
		<title>Influencia da geometria de visada na reflectancia espectral de duas gramineas forrageiras</title>
		<year>1993</year>
		<month>set.</month>
		<secondarytype>PRE PN</secondarytype>
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		<author>Morelli, Ademir Fernando,</author>
		<author>Formaggio, Antonio Roberto,</author>
		<author>Epiphanio, Jose Carlos Neves,</author>
		<group>DSR-INPE-MCT-BR</group>
		<journal>Revista UNIVAP</journal>
		<volume>1</volume>
		<number>1</number>
		<pages>27-42</pages>
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		<abstract>The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence's valuation of view geometry variation in spectral behavior of herbaceous vegetation and soil, underlying in composition pastures for Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk Stapf and Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. cv. Marandu. The methodology development involved the report analysis between the spectral reflectance and the biophysics parameters of herbaceous vegetation and soil. For this purpose radiometric and biophysics measurements were done for 25 vegetation samples andone soil sample, in experiment areas of 1000 m2, for each species. The multispectral bidirectional reflectance measurements (500 to 1100 nm)were obtained in the view zenith angles ( v)of 0 , 15 , 30 , 45 and 60 for three sectors of azimutal plain ( v=0 , 90 and 180 ), with the solar zenith angle variation controlled for an amplitude of the 10 ( s=45 to 55 ) and the solar azimutal variation compensated in the acquisition method. The following vegetation parameters were measured: fresh and dry biomass, fresh and dry green biomass, droughtry biomass and leaf and stems; water content of total, green and droughtry biomassa, Leaf Area Index (LAI)and percentage of canopy cover. The soil parameters available were color, roughness and chemistry composition. This research intent was the comprehension of physical mechanisms involved in the directional reflectance factor distribution of complete homogeneous vegetation canopies and its influences in the relation between spectral behavior and vegetation parameters. The general scattering behavior was coherent with the dinamics observed in the literature and wassupported by two principal phenomena: the ""phase function"" and ""geometric effect 1"". The major trends observed in the reflectance factor ocurred in the azimuth in the principal plane of the sun ( s=0 and 180 ), while the minor trends ocurred in the azimuth direction perpendicular to the principal plane of the sun ( s=90 ). For all view angles and spectral bands the minimum reflectance ocurred near nadir ( v=0 ) and increased with increasing view zenith angles for all azimuth directions. This trend is caused by the shading of flower canopy layers, by components in the upper layers and by viewing different proportions of the layer components as the view angle changes (""effect 1""). In some cases by an additional effect of ""phase function"", the reflectance minimum was shifted slightly off-nadir in the foward scattering direction ( s=0 ). This shift was maximized for ocurrence of reproductive structures in the top layers of cover, because this structure is vertical and opaque. The near infra-red band was less influenced by view geometry variation than in the spectral bands of visible, because in the near infra-red band the transmitance was nearly equal to the reflectance for most structural components of herbaceous vegetation, while in the visible the reflectance is major, consequentely the ""effect 1"" is maximized. The major information content about vegetation cover was obtained in the principal plane of the sun, in the backscattering direction ( =180 ), than showed better relationships to the vegetation parameters, because of the ocurrence of ""hot spot"". The vegetation parameters of prodution and water content showed the best correlations, because its parameters have more association to the near infra-red, that exbited the better performance than visible bands, more associated to LAI and fresh and dry biomass components. The ""effect 1"" was the dominant phenomenon with controlled the directional reflectance distributions observed, but had its effects alterated by the action of aditional phenomenon ""phase function"".</abstract>
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